Compare Comoros (2004) - Norfolk Island (2004)

Compare Comoros (2004) z Norfolk Island (2004)

	Comoros (2004)	Norfolk Island (2004)

Administrative divisions	3 islands; Grande Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali); note - there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Moutsamoudou	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.8% (male 140,083; female 139,245) 15-64 years: 54.2% (male 174,216; female 179,050) 65 years and over: 3% (male 9,136; female 10,171) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca)	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports	4 (2003 est.)	1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 2,170 sq km land: 2,170 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Unstable Comoros has endured 19 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power. He pledged to resolve the secessionist crisis through a confederal arrangement named the 2000 Fomboni Accord. In December 2001, voters approved a new constitution and presidential elections took place in the spring of 2002. Each island in the archipelago elected its own president and a new union president was sworn in on 26 May 2002.	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate	38 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $27.6 million expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA (2001 est.)	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY92/93)
Capital	Moroni	Kingston
Climate	tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	340 km	32 km
Constitution	23 December 2001 note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on 20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002	Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Country name	conventional long form: Union of the Comoros conventional short form: Comoros local long form: Union des Comores local short form: Comores	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Currency	Comoran franc (KMF)	Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate	8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$232 million (2000 est.)	NA
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Comoros	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Mahmoud M. ABOUD (ambassador to the US and Canada and permanent representative to the UN) chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Union of the Comoros to the United Nations, 420 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 and 223-2711 FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 and 715-0699	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	claims French-administered Mayotte	none
Economic aid - recipient	$10 million (2001 est.)	NA
Economy - overview	One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government - which is hampered by internal political disputes - is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Increased foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be met. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP.	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption	19.78 million kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	21.27 million kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues	soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians
Exchange rates	Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - 435.9 (2003), 522.741 (2002), 549.779 (2001), 533.982 (2000), 461.775 (1999) note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - following a 1999 coup AZALI was appointed president; in January 2002 he resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president until replaced again by AZALI in May 2002 when BOLERO was appointed Minister of External Defense and Territorial Security; the president is both the chief of state and the head of government head of government: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - following a 1999 coup AZALI was appointed president; in January 2002 he resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president until replaced again by AZALI in May 2002 when BOLERO was appointed Minister of External Defense and Territorial Security; the president is both the chief of state and the head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: as defined by the 2001 constitution, the presidency rotates every four years among the elected presidents from the three main islands in the Union; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2007); prime minister appointed by the president; note - AZALI has not appointed a Prime Minister since he was sworn into office in May 2002 election results: President AZALI Assoumani elected president with 75% of the vote	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 29 November 2001 (next to be held by December 2004) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA
Exports	NA (2001)	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)
Exports - commodities	vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners	France 46.9%, Germany 18.8%, US 12.5% (2003)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $441 million (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - NA
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 40% industry: 4% services: 56% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $700 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - NA
GDP - real growth rate	2% (2002 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	12 10 S, 44 15 E	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note	important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel	most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Highways	total: 880 km paved: 673 km unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)	total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA (2001)	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Imports - commodities	rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment	NA
Imports - partners	France 31.6%, Japan 13.7%, South Africa 10.3%, Kenya 5.1%, UAE 5.1%, Thailand 4.3% (2003)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Independence	6 July 1975 (from France)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	-2% (1999 est.)	NA
Industries	tourism, perfume distillation	tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 77.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 85.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.5% (2001 est.)	NA
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AMF, AU, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO	UPU
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic)	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force	144,500 (1996 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 80%	tourism NA, subsistence agriculture NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 35.87% permanent crops: 23.32% other: 40.81% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Languages	Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)	English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system	French and Sharia (Islamic) law in a new consolidated code	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly of the Union (30 seats; half the deputies are selected by the individual islands' local assemblies and the other half by universal suffrage; deputies serve for five years); note - elections for the former legislature, the Federal Assembly (dissolved in 1999) were held on 1 and 8 December 1996; the next elections for the Assembly of the Union were scheduled to be held on 18 and 25 April 2004	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 29 November 2001 (next to be held by December 2004) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 61.57 years male: 59.29 years female: 63.91 years (2004 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 56.5% male: 63.6% female: 49.3% (2003 est.)	NA
Location	Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	Africa	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 62 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 452,801 GRT/681,343 DWT by type: bulk 9, cargo 31, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 2, specialized tanker 4 foreign-owned: Bahamas 1, Bulgaria 1, Cyprus 1, Greece 7, Honduras 1, India 1, Kenya 1, Lebanon 7, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 3, Pakistan 4, Panama 2, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Syria 4, Turkey 21, United Kingdom 1, United States 1, Yemen 2 (2004 est.)	none
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Comoran Security Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$6 million (2003)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3% (2003)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 154,843 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 91,825 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 6 July (1975)	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
Nationality	noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards	cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano	typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources	NEGL	fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders	Forces pour l'Action Republicaine or FAR [Col. Abdourazak ABDULHAMID]; Forum pour la Redressement National or FRN (alliance of 12 parties); Front Democratique or FD [Moustoifa Said CHEIKH]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed RACHID]; Movement des Citoyens pour la Republique or MCR [Mahamoud MRADABI]; Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais or MPA (Anjouan separatist movement) [leader NA]; Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Movement pour le Socialisme et la Democratie or MSD (splinter group of FD) [Abdou SOEFOU]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	651,901 (July 2004 est.)	1,841 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	60% (2002 est.)	NA
Population growth rate	2.94% (2004 est.)	-0.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou	none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%	Anglican 37.4%, Uniting Church in Australia 14.5%, Roman Catholic 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.1%, none 12.2%, unknown 17.4%, other 3.9% (1996)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay international: country code - 269; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite service planned for near future
Telephones - main lines in use	13,200 (2003)	2,532; note: a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2,000 (2003)	0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002)
Television broadcast stations	NA	1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998)
Terrain	volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate	5.15 children born/woman (2004 est.)	NA children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	20% (1996 est.)	NA

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